Civility acts as a social norm by functioning as an unwritten contract of voluntary restraint, respect, and mutual recognition that governs interpersonal behavior, fostering trust and social cohesion. It serves as a navigational tool for social interaction, prioritizing the common good over self-interest.

• Foundation of Mutual Respect: Civility is the recognition of the humanity and equality of others, demanding respect regardless of differences.
• Behavioral Guidelines: Unlike polite etiquette, it is a deeper disposition involving empathy, patience, and honesty.
• Social Cohesion: It reduces friction and prevents conflict, acting as the “glue” that allows diverse people to live peacefully.
• Voluntary Constraint: Civility serves as a form of self-discipline and self-control, curbing harmful impulses without the need for legal force.
• Function in Public Life: It enables productive, respectful disagreement and dialogue in communities and democratic life.

Several organizations and initiatives aim to establish civility as a social norm to reduce polarization and foster respectful discourse. Key groups include the National Institute for Civil Discourse, Braver Angels, the Institute for Civility, and the Civility Project, which focus on promoting respectful dialogue in political, public, and private spheres.

• National Institute for Civil Discourse (NICD): Focuses on bridging political divides and promoting polite, constructive discourse in politics.
• Braver Angels: A major organization working to reduce political polarization by fostering constructive dialogue between citizens with opposing views.
• Institute for Civility: A non-profit dedicated to promoting civility in government, workplaces, and schools, aiming to build a more respectful society.
• The Civility Project: Founded by journalists to help people with stark differences maintain healthy, respectful relationships.
• National Civility Network (NCN): A collaboration of centers and institutes working on civic engagement and addressing political dysfunction.
• Millennial Action Project: Engages young lawmakers to build bipartisan coalitions and promote a more collaborative political culture.
• The Center on Civility and Democracy (CCD): Part of the Ronald Reagan Foundation, it promotes civil discourse and common ground.
• SHRM (Society for Human Resource Management): Promotes workplace civility as a strategic imperative to create productive, positive cultures.

These groups often focus on transforming polarization into engagement, enhancing interpersonal relationships, and strengthening democracy through “internal constraints” of respectful communication.

[1] https://www.ncsl.org/state-legislatures-news/details/groups-help-lawmakers-pursue-civility-and-bipartisanship-the-unicorns-of-politics

[2] https://www.instituteforcivility.org/who-we-are/mission-and-vision/

[3] https://www.pbs.org/wnet/preserving-democracy/video/remain-civil-from-political-opposites-to-friends-the-civility-project-was-born/

[4] https://www.publicbooks.org/civility-and-or-social-change/

[5] https://www.reaganfoundation.org/civility-and-democracy

[6] https://www.instituteforcivility.org/

[7] https://nicdresearch.org/national-civility-network/

[8] https://www.shrm.org/topics-tools/topics/civility

[9] https://www.shrm.org/content/dam/en/shrm/topics-tools/topics/civility/shrm-workplace-civility-handbook.pdf

[10] https://modernagejournal.com/why-civility-precedes-the-social-contract/235645/

A broad spectrum of Christian denominations, including Catholics, Lutherans (ELCA), Presbyterians (PCUSA), and many Evangelicals, support making civility a social norm, often framing it as “Christian civility”. These efforts focus on applying the Golden Rule and neighborly love to public discourse, emphasizing dignity, respect, and constructive engagement over political polarization.

Key groups and campaigns promoting this include:

• [United States Conference of Catholic Bishops (USCCB)]: Launched the “Civilize It: Dignity Beyond the Debate” campaign, urging respectful dialogue in politics and community.
• [Evangelical Leaders (NAE)]: The National Association of Evangelicals and leaders like Richard Mouw emphasize “uncommon decency” and treating others—including opponents—with dignity, believing this is a core Christian conviction rather than just good manners.
• [Mainline Protestant Denominations (ELCA, PCUSA, Episcopal Church (USA))]: The Evangelical Lutheran Church in America and Presbyterian Church (USA) have supported initiatives like “Golden Rule 2020: A Call for Dignity and Respect in Politics”.
• [Interfaith & Ecumenical Coalitions]: Various leaders, including those involved in “[A Covenant for Civility],” span across political lines to promote civil, safe spaces for public discourse.
• Quakers
• Black Church Traditions
• Mennonite Church USA

[3] https://tomkapostasy.com/2026/02/03/christianity-supports-the-7-civility-values/

[5] https://sojo.net/articles/covenant-civility

[6] https://blogs.elca.org/advocacy/the-paradox-of-civility/

[7] https://www.nae.org/civility-starts-in-church/

[8] https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2019/10/04/christians-return-to-core-convictions-make-america-more-civil-column/3845002002/

[9] https://www.nae.org/love-civility/

[10] https://njcatholic.org/civilize-it

Several states, through their legal, governmental, and bar associations, are actively working to mak civility a social and professional norm. Illinois, California, Texas, Colorado and Utah are noteworthy. Half of state legal associations include civility oaths.

The Council of State Governments is promoting “Service with Civility”.

2025 Civility – The Council of State Governments

Several state municipal associations have launched formal campaigns, pledges, and initiatives aimed at making civility a social norm in local government and public discourse. These efforts, often in response to rising polarization, focus on restoring respectful dialogue in council meetings and community interactions.

Key state municipal associations leading this effort include:

• Georgia Municipal Association (GMA): In 2023, the GMA launched the “EMBRACE Civility” program in partnership with Georgia City Solutions to equip cities with resources, including a civility pledge and the “9 Pillars of Civility,” to combat incivility in local government. Numerous Georgia cities have been recognized as “Cities of Civility” through this program.
• Municipal Association of South Carolina (MASC): MASC formally rolled out its civility initiative in 2022, naming the restoration of civility in local government a top priority. Their initiative urges local leaders to adopt civility pledges and resolutions in their council chambers, focusing on collaboration and consideration.
• Illinois Municipal League (IML): The IML promotes a formal “Civility Pledge” to ensure communication between local elected and appointed officials remains open, honest, and transparent to build trust.
• Pennsylvania Municipal League (PML): The PML has a dedicated “Civility Campaign” that encourages officials to sign a pledge to foster civility in the delivery of public services.
• North Carolina League of Municipalities (NCLM): NCLM operates a “Commit to Civility” program that certifies municipal boards that complete training and commit to fostering respectful discourse in their communities.
• Colorado Municipal League (CML): CML promotes “Civility Starts Here” principles, encouraging local leaders to focus on issues rather than individuals, listen actively, and manage emotions during public meetings.
• Florida League of Cities (FLC): FLC offers training and resources for local governments to adopt civility pledges and meet ethics standards to foster better communication between officials and the public.

Note: The National League of Cities (NLC) also provides a national framework supporting these state-level actions, with many of its leaders hailing from the associations listed above.

Several professional associations, particularly in law, psychology, and management, actively promote civility as a social norm to improve discourse, workplace culture, and public health. Key organizations include the American Bar Association (ABA), American Psychological Association (APA), SHRM (Society for Human Resource Management), and the International City/County Management Association (ICMA).

Key Professional Associations and Initiatives

• American Bar Association (ABA): Promotes civility as a core pillar of legal professionalism, issuing guidelines and training for attorneys to maintain respect, dignity, and courtesy in legal practice.
• American Psychological Association (APA): Emphasizes civility, inclusion, and respect for dignity to foster better communication and professional environments.
• SHRM (Society for Human Resource Management): Advocates for civility in the workplace, emphasizing empathy and respect to improve organizational health, performance, and employee engagement.
• International City/County Management Association (ICMA): Partners in efforts to address the decline of civility in public discourse and governance.
• Community Associations Institute (CAI): Implements a “Civility Pledge” for community associations to foster respectful interactions and responsible leadership.
• National Civility Network (NCN): A coalition of academic centers dedicated to promoting civil discourse in public life.

Numerous universities actively promote civility as a core social norm, incorporating it into campus culture through specialized initiatives, codes of conduct, and dedicated community standards. Key institutions focusing on this include Carnegie Mellon University, Old Dominion University, Arcadia University, Stony Brook University, and Winston-Salem State University.

Key University Civility Initiatives & Policies:

• Carnegie Mellon University (CMU): The Civility Initiatives strive to foster a community of dignity, conflict resolution, and mutual respect.
• Old Dominion University (ODU): Civility: The Monarch Way focuses on building a safe, respectful environment, prohibiting bullying and harassment.
• Stony Brook University: Emphasizes civility and civil discourse alongside diversity, caring, and respect.
• Arcadia University: The Statement on Civility
  highlights respect, empathy, and responsible behavior.
• Winston-Salem State University (WSSU): The Office of Community Standards & Civility promotes integrity, accountability, and respect.
• Johns Hopkins University: Features the Civility Initiative, established to promote dialogue during polarized times.
• Florida State University (FSU): Highlights a civility statement stressing the “dignity and worth of each person” and encouraging respectful disagreement.
• Colby Community College: Includes specific conduct guidelines to curb toxic behaviors such as public hostility, ridicule, and name-calling.
• Jamestown Community College: Implements classroom civility
  guidelines focused on fostering a safe environment.
• University of Maryland Global Campus (UMGC): Incorporates a Code of Civility in its student handbook.

• [1] https://www.cmu.edu/student-affairs/civility/

[2] https://www.odu.edu/equity/civility

[3] https://www.arcadia.edu/about-arcadia/offices-facilities-services/student-affairs/civility-campus/

[4] https://www.stonybrook.edu/commcms/civility/

[5] https://www.wssu.edu/student-life/community-standards-civility/index.html

[6] https://www.colbycc.edu/policies/general-employment-workplace/civility.html

[7] https://www.sunyjcc.edu/employees/classroom-civility-faculty-guide

[8] https://publichealth.jhu.edu/center-for-health-equity/2024/civility-in-times-of-social-polarization

[9] https://www.umgc.edu/current-students/student-life-and-support/student-handbook/civility-code

[10] https://sccs.fsu.edu/about-us/civility-statement

[11] https://ncrconline.com/galinson-campus-civility-program/

Some Republicans support civility as a social norm to maintain democratic stability, foster productive governance, and encourage respectful dialogue over political hostility. It is seen as a way to promote traditional values, enable compromise, and, for some, shift focus away from personal attacks toward policy, enhancing both social cohesion and political accountability.

Key reasons for supporting civility include:

• Democratic Order and Stability: Civility is seen as essential for upholding democratic decorum and stabilizing the boundaries of conflict.
• Effective Governance: Many believe that civility is crucial for bringing lawmakers together, reducing political hostility, and finding solutions through, rather than in spite of, differing viewpoints.
• Encouraging Respectful Discourse: Supporters argue that civility promotes listening, understanding, and respectful treatment of others.
• Reinforcing Traditional Values: Civility often aligns with the promotion of respect, personal responsibility, and traditional social conduct.
• Political Strategy: Some studies suggest that advocating for civility can be a strategic move to focus on policy differences rather than identity politics, which can be beneficial in certain political environments. [

While a large majority of Republicans (85%) have regarded civility as very important, there is nuance in how it is interpreted, with some emphasizing it as a necessary reduction in political toxicity, while others may view the push for it as a distraction from deeper policy debates, or as a way to control the political narrative.

Some Republicans support making civility a social norm because they view it as a practical tool for effective governance, a protector of democratic stability, and a reflection of core conservative values like respect for authority and human dignity. They argue that without a baseline of mutual respect, the “American experiment” is threatened by hyper-polarization and potential political violence.

Some Democrats and institutionalists support elevating civility to a social norm to preserve democratic institutions, promote constructive political discourse, and counter rising polarization. Proponents argue that civility fosters trust, enables compromise, and protects democratic processes from authoritarian threats by emphasizing shared common purpose over confrontational, hyper-partisan politics. [1, 2, 3, 4]

Key reasons for supporting civility as a social norm include:

• Protecting Democratic Institutions: Supporters believe adherence to decorum and norms keeps government functional and resists democratic backsliding.
• Encouraging Compromise: Civil discourse is seen as essential for managing deep societal disagreements and achieving bipartisan solutions.
• Recognizing Mutual Dignity: Civility requires recognizing the dignity of opponents, which helps reduce hostility and fosters a more collaborative political environment.
• Promoting Respectful Dialogue: It provides a framework for addressing conflicts, particularly in diverse environments, by encouraging active listening and reducing conflict-driven “drama”.

Some Democrats advocate for civility as a social norm primarily to protect the stability of democratic institutions and to rebuild public trust in a polarized political climate. By promoting respectful discourse, these supporters aim to move away from personal attacks and toward a governing culture that can effectively address societal issues through compromise and mutual understanding. [1, 2, 3, 4]

Core Reasons for Supporting Civility

• Stability of Democracy: Proponents argue that democracy requires a baseline level of respect to function. Without civility, institutions suffer from increased hostility and a “declining faith in democracy”.
• Enabling Compromise: Meaningful policy solutions often require reaching across the aisle. Supporters believe that treating opponents as “political equals” rather than enemies allows for the negotiation of “reasonable compromises”.
• Restoring Public Trust: High levels of political vitriol can weaken trust in government. Modeling civility is seen as a way for leaders to signal ethics, honesty, and a commitment to “good governance”.
• Social Harmony and Diversity: In a diverse society, civility is viewed as a “moral glue” that prevents different viewpoints from devolving into aggression. It encourages “bridging capital”—trust between strangers—which makes both democratic governance and economic exchange easier.
• Voter Preference: Many Democratic voters value institutional norms and professional behavior. Polls indicate a strong majority of voters believe respect is the first step toward a working government.

Summary

There is broad support in the US for Civility as a social norm. Grass-roots efforts to improve understanding, application and encouragement of Civility have good prospects for success.