Record High Voting Rates in 2018 and 2022
2018 and 2022 elections showed widespread increased voter participation. Increases were seen by all races, genders, income, ages, states and education levels. Increased voting by the youngest age group and Hispanic Americans were most notable.
2022 Voting Higher than Recent Decades, but Lower than Record 2018 and 2022
https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/interactive/2022/voter-turnout-2022-by-state/
Complete detailed breakdowns are not yet available.
https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/interactive/2022/voter-turnout-2022-by-state/
Only 8 of 50 states had increased voter participation versus 2018.
https://circle.tufts.edu/latest-research/millions-youth-cast-ballots-decide-key-2022-races
https://circle.tufts.edu/latest-research/half-youth-voted-2020-11-point-increase-2016
Young-adult voting remained above history, but less than the record 2018 performance.
Alternative/Early Voting Remains High
https://www.axios.com/2022/10/22/2022-midterms-early-voter-turnout-numbers-2018
https://www.cnn.com/2022/10/20/politics/voter-turnout-analysis
The 2020 and 2022 elections both relied heavily upon mail-in and early voting options. Early voting participation, especially in competitive states, was equal to or ahead of 2018. Hence, election day participation in 2022 was somewhat lower than in the record year.
Voter Registration is as Important as Participation
https://www.census.gov/library/visualizations/2020/comm/participation-congress-election.html
https://ballotpedia.org/Partisan_affiliations_of_registered_voters
Voting Rules Encourage and Discourage Voting
https://www.bbc.com/news/60309566
https://graphics.reuters.com/USA-ELECTION/VOTING-RESTRICTIONS/znvnbdjbkvl/index.html
Good data on the impact of various voting law changes is not yet available. Anecdotal media reporting of the 2022 election did not indicate extremely large changes in voter behavior.
US Registration and Net Participation is Low versus other Advanced Economies
Summary
Voting participation in the US varies significantly by gender, race, age, state, income and education level. It recovered to some degree in 2018-22 following a 40-year low period. Voter registration has increased by a small amount in the last 10 years, but increased participation among registered voters has been the driver of overall results. The availability of mail-in and expanded early voting clearly boosted turn-out in 2020 and 2022. The impact of additional voting restrictions is unclear, but obviously intended to reduce turnout. Polarized politics in the US has increasing voter turnout, but only by 10-15% versus recent history. Presidential years boost turnout by 15%. State by state participation in election years ranges from 58% to 76% (excluding a few extremes), based on habits, demography and state laws. Presidential elections could have 10% higher participation if all states followed the examples of the high participation states.
Government has an increased impact on all citizens. Democracy requires participation to make the decisions and programs of governments (at all levels) legitimate. The US can do better.
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