Category: education

We’re MUCH Better Off in 2026

tomkapostasy1 Comment
Memories of the US Bicentennial – 4th July 1976

Rose Colored Glasses; Man Bites Dog; If it Bleeds it Leads.

Politicians, journalists and influencers of all stripes emphasize the bad, the emotional and the unusual. This burdens us and our society. Allegedly, “it’s bad now, and it was MUCH better in the past”. This eternal NOSTALGIA is a big problem for our society today, leading many people to turn to populists, idealists, authoritarians and charlatans for salvation.

I will outline how much better the United States of America is TODAY than it was in the mid-1970’s. I graduated from high school with the class of 1974. I watched the emotionally mixed American bicentennial celebrations in 1976. I remember Jimmy Carter’s 1979 “malaise” speech in which he said that we, the people, needed to face our challenges directly, especially at a moral level. He was briefly cheered but then criticized for being too negative and pessimistic; an uninspiring leader!

Revisiting Carter’s “Malaise” Speech

Modern life in the USA is immeasurably better than it was in the 1970’s. It is certainly not perfect. The country has not achieved all that it could have or should have in the last half century. It still faces large global and moral challenges and wonders where it can possibly find the leadership, consensus and engagement to resolve them.

The sheer magnitude of changes in daily life across 50 years is difficult to describe but I hope that my outline will collectively communicate the great scale of improvements we have experienced and the resulting hope and expectation that the next 50 years will deliver the same kinds of positive growth. When we consider the last 50, 100 or 150 years of American life, we should be very optimistic.

Global Threats and Opportunities

  1. The Cold War ended in 1989, relieving the pressure of 4 decades of imminent nuclear destruction. This was a miracle. No war. No revolution. No territories seized. No leaders executed. A quiet end to the threat. The US managed the threat of nuclear terrorism. West Germany embraced East Germany. The European Union welcomed new members. The global economy thrived.
  2. The US established relations with China in 1979, beginning the country’s path to economic prosperity, trade and global influence. The growing trade between China and the world has acted to reduce the threat of conflicts while reducing the cost of goods for all.
  3. The US welcomed the growth of Japan plus the “four tigers” of Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, as Asian nations embraced the “Western consensus” of mixed market capitalism, global trade and liberal democracy.
  4. European nations also left behind histories of authoritarian governments or too much socialism to embrace the “Western consensus” and thicken ties through the European Union. Francis Fukuyama prematurely declared “the end of history” but the attractiveness of these successful choices was clear.
  5. The US joined international efforts to reduce tariffs and increase trade leading to a doubling of imports and exports as a share of GDP.
  6. The US adopted a less internationalist position after 9/11/2001, declaring a war on terror, defining the axis of evil, revoking treaty commitments, justifying preemptive war and invading Iraq without UN support. Even with this change, the US largely avoided major military conflicts and losses.
  7. Total immigration to the US grew during this period from 2.3% to 2.9% of the population per decade. Many immigrant groups successfully joined American society.
  8. The US welcomed foreign students to its universities. International tourists increased from 15 to 75 million per year.
  9. The US attempted to resolve the Middle East conflicts with some success, avoiding large scale wars.
  10. The US participated in talks to define and address the threat and impact of global warming. It has taken steps to reduce US carbon emissions.

Politics

  1. Presidents Ford and Carter helped to rebuild confidence in the government after Vietnam and Watergate.
  2. Ronald Reagan established “Conservatism” as a broad political philosophy for the Republican party.
  3. Bill Clinton repositioned Democrats more to the center on economics with his “third way” approach.
  4. Both parties increasingly used wedge issues and either/or choices to polarize parties and choices; although the share of independent voters has grown from 30 to 45%, with the rest evenly split between the two dominant parties.
  5. Perot, Buchannon, Palin and Trump provided social and economic populists with a choice.
  6. The country increasingly accepted racial minorities, women, gays, religious minorities, and immigrants; but the conflict between traditional and modern views was politicized as some could not tolerate the changes and others sought to embed the changes as universal human and legal rights accompanied by social pressures to comply with the dominant “tolerant” view.
  7. Federal government employment was reduced from 5 to 4 million in 50 years, while the population grew by 50%. After Reagan, “government” solutions were inherently suspect. Even Bill Clinton declared “the era of big government” is over.
  8. Total federal, state and local government activities grew a little faster than the economy, with the ratio of tax receipts to GDP inching up from 29% to 32%. The ongoing pressure to “cut spending, taxes and regulations” could not defeat the pressures to address social, political and economic issues and interests.
  9. The top marginal income tax rate was reduced from 70% in 1982 and has remained just under 40% since 1987. Neither party has proposed widespread tax increases.
  10. The Affordable Care Act was enacted in 2010, helping to bring the share of Americans without health insurance down from 20% in 1975 to 8% today.
  11. The US safety net/welfare system has remained intact during this period driving the supplemental poverty rate down from 20% to 15%, while the official poverty rate has declined by just 1%. The share of the elderly (65+) in poverty has fallen from 16% to 8%.

The Economy

  1. Real dollar GDP is 4 times larger at $24 trillion.
  2. US real per capita GDP has remained the highest of all major countries for a century. Continued leadership reflects a dynamically successful economy.
  3. Real per capita GDP has increased by 250% to $70,000.
  4. US fiscal and monetary policy has repeatedly been effective in taming the business cycle and recovering from shocks like the housing crisis and the pandemic.
The US Economy Leads the World

US Business

  1. Industrial production, including energy, is up by 250%.
  2. The number of business establishments has doubled to 8.6M, providing ownership and employment opportunities in a more specialized, globally traded world.
  3. The number of franchise businesses has grown from 375,000 to 800,000+, employing more than 10 million people.
  4. The rate of new business formation and success increased throughout the period, with a new boost after the pandemic.
  5. Businesses responded to the 1970’s “Japanese invasion” and became strategically more focused, measured more effectively, focused on cost reduction, invested in R&D, and applied information technology and process improvement tools. Foreign and domestic competition led businesses to be more cost effective, improve product quality and offer products better tailored to diverse customer wants and needs.
  6. Firms experimented with factory robots by 1975. They now use 380,000 robots, adding 10% more annually.
  7. Auto production in the US has increased from 8 to 10 million units per year.
  8. Farms produce twice as much using 20% less land and 40% less labor.
  9. Businesses adapted to the world of greater international trade by growing or shrinking facilities, markets, products and product lines. They adapted to the new power of consumers and retailers and reduced power of manufacturers. They divested units and rejected the conglomerate model. They rejected vertical integration, learning to outsource all functions where they did not have a competitive advantage.
  10. Firms embraced more effective banking, equity and bond markets to fund their activities. They tapped global sources and private equity. They learned by use financial leverage to increase net earnings and acquire other less dynamic competitors.
  11. Firms changed organizational structures to have fewer layers, less positional power, more staff experts and the ability to use cross-functional (matrix) approaches to core operations, projects and joint ventures.

Education

  1. Preschool/Kindergarten enrollment up from 5 to 9 million. Nearly all part-time in 1975 and mostly full-time in 2025.
  2. High school graduation rate is up from 75% to 85%.
  3. Intelligence test scores have increased by more than 10 points.
  4. Share of young adults who have earned college degrees has doubled from 20% to 40%.
  5. Share of adults with college degrees has more than tripled from 12% to 38%.
  6. Share of young women with a college degree is up from 17% to 45%; shares for men up from 27% to 37%.
  7. Share of degrees in STEM disciplines has grown from 11% to 19%.
  8. Number of college students studying abroad is up by 5 times.
  9. Law school first-year enrollment remains at 40,000, while the population has grown by 50%.
  10. US holds 18 of top 30 global university spots.
  11. The number of annually earned doctorates has doubled.
  12. US accounts for 50% of Nobel prize winners, up from 40% in 1975.

Transportation

  1. 22% of new cars are electric. Self-driving cars are widely deployed.
  2. Fuel milage has doubled from 13 to 27 miles per gallon.
  3. New car defects have dropped by two-thirds.
  4. Air travel miles are up by 5 times.
  5. FedEx 2-pound overnight service was introduced in 1975 for $75. Service is widespread today at $55.
  6. Same day and next day delivery services are available today, making Amazon.com, grocery and restaurant deliveries common. Catalog mail order lead times were 6-8 weeks in 1975.

Energy

  1. The US faced energy crises in 1973 and 1979 that disrupted businesses, emptied filling stations and led to recessions.
  2. The US imported 35% of its petroleum products in the 1970’s. It is a net exporter today.
  3. Energy intensity, the ratio of energy used to GDP, has fallen by 60% since the 1970’s.
  4. LED bulbs last 10 times longer. Lithium-ion batteries last 4 times longer.
  5. Wind power is 10% of electricity generation. Solar is 10% of electricity generation. Solar is the lowest cost source today, accounting for two-thirds of new generating capacity added.
  6. Coal production is the same today as in 1975, down 50% from its 2007 peak. It is declining rapidly.

Environment

  1. Toxic air pollution measures are lower by 65-90%.
  2. The world resolved the threat to the ozone layer.
  3. Percentage of US homes in communities with treated wastewater has increased from 50% to 80%.
  4. State parks acreage has doubled. Federal parks acreage has tripled. Land trust additions are equal to the state parks area.
  5. Total US forest land area has increased from 750 to 800 million acres, while the US population has grown by 50%.
  6. Nesting pairs of American bald eagles have grown 100-fold, from 700 to 70,000.
  7. US (1976) and global (2014) birth rates are half of historical levels, reducing environmental demands.
  8. US is on track to reach 50% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2030.

Health

  1. Life expectancy has increased from 73 to 78 years.
  2. Infant mortality rate has dropped by two-thirds.
  3. Smallpox has been eradicated. Polio remains eliminated. Other diseases close to zero.
  4. Smoking rate is two-thirds lower, down from 37% to 12% of adults.
  5. Death rates down: Strokes 67%. Cancer 25%. Flu/pneumonia 67%. Heart disease 50%+. Liver disease 25%.
  6. US governments, medical industry, businesses and people responded to the Covid-19 pandemic resulting in a death rate that was half of the 1917 Spanish flu. Novel vaccine development and flexible delivery resources limited the death toll.
  7. Abortion rates have fallen by 50% since 1980.
  8. Medical research continues to develop new science and solutions. Cloning and human genome mapping.
  9. In vitro fertilization births have grown from 0 to 100,000 per year.
  10. Modern anti-depression drugs (SSRI-Prozac) are much safer and more effective than their predecessors.
  11. Kidney dialysis extends lives for 550,000 today versus 25,000 in 1975.
  12. Americans have 40 million MRI scans done on 13,000 machines, up from zero.
  13. Laser eyer surgery has grown from an experimental procedure to 800,000 annually.
  14. 50,000 organs are transplanted each year, up from just a few experiments.

Safety

  1. Property crime rate is down by more than 50%. Violent crime rate is one-third lower.
  2. Both the workplace fatality and injury rates are down by two-thirds.
  3. Traffic fatalities per driven mile are three-fourths lower.
  4. Fire incidents have been cut in half while the population grew by half.
  5. Emergency medical services have grown from 2% to 90% of counties; employing 300,000 people, 50,000 ambulances and 1,300 helicopters.

Consumer

  1. Firms have offered consumers much wider options for products in all industries. A typical Walmart Supercenter has 125,000 different SKU’s.
  2. We enjoy year-round availability of most fruits and vegetables today rather than shopping by season.
  3. Clothing and durable goods prices have been cut by half.
  4. The average automobile is 13 years old versus 6, reflecting massive quality improvements.
  5. Car buyers can choose from 15 major manufacturers instead of just 4.
  6. Appliances in more homes: Washing machines (70-85%), dryers (45-82%), dish washers (28-54%), microwave ovens (4-95%). Refrigerators are 25% larger, half price and 75% more energy efficient.
  7. Median new home square footage has increased by half, from 1,500 to 2,200 square feet.
  8. Mortgage loan rates have declined from 8-14% to 4-7%. Real rates are just 2% today.
  9. Total debt service payments (home, car, credit card, student loan) as a percentage of disposable income have declined from 11% to 10%.
  10. Air-conditioned homes have grown from a hot 55% to a cool 95%.
  11. Away from home food spending has more than doubled from 28% to 59% of total food spending.
  12. Household consumption is up from 87% to 92% of disposable income. Savings is down from 13% to 8%.

Leisure

  1. Many television program options. Top 4 network share down from 90% to 30%. Recording and streaming options exist today.
  2. Cable or satellite TV access has grown from 14% to 100%.
  3. The number of feature films released each year has bloomed from 100 to 700.
  4. Music singles are effectively free today. They cost $7.50 each in current dollars in 1975. The transistor radio has been replaced with portable, wearable devices served by playlists, suggestions and feeds.
  5. Real consumer electronics prices have declined by 80-95%. A 21-25 inch color console was $2-3,000 in 1975 in current dollars. A 50-inch tv is available for $500 today.
  6. A 1982 IBM PC cost $10,000 in current dollars. For $2-3,000 today you get 1,000 times the processor speed, 10,000 times the memory and 100,000 times the storage space.
  7. Video rentals boomed in the 1980’s and 1990’s growing into a digital $100 billion industry.
  8. The $5 billion pinball machine sector evolved into the $50 billion handheld and online gaming industry.
  9. Virtual reality equipment is increasingly popular.
  10. Passports are held by half of US citizens, up from 5% in 1975.
  11. Following deregulation, the real price of air travel per mile has glided down by 40-60%.
  12. Hotel room capacity has doubled from 2.4 to 5.3 million.
  13. Pet food consumption has tripled.
  14. American wine production has increased from 250 to 700 million gallons, along with quality.
  15. American brewery count has increased from 150 to 7,000, along with quality.

Wealth

  1. Mutual funds, index funds and 401K’s offer investing to everyone. Percentage of stockholders has grown from 12% to 60%.
  2. The number of retirement plan participants has grown by 250%.
  3. Real dollar retirement plan assets have grown thirty-fold, from $1.6 to $48 trillion.
  4. Homeownership rate increased from 64% to peak of 69% before falling back to 66%.
  5. Family wealth more than doubled for those in the 1st-25th, 26th-50th, and 51st-90th percentiles between 1989 and 2022. Summary data for 1975 to 1989 is not readily available. Real home prices increased by 20% and the real dollar S&P 500 increased by 75% during this period, overall.

Labor

  1. Compounded labor productivity has increased by 150%, more than 2% per year!
  2. Manufacturing, administrative and farm jobs were reduced by 20% of the total during these 50 years. They were replaced by STEM/analysis, management and health care jobs.
  3. Prime age labor force participation increased from 74% to 84%.
  4. Typical unemployment rate declined from 6.5% to 5%.
  5. Share of self-employed workers increased from 9% to 11%.
  6. According to the Gallup Organization, the share of “engaged” workers has increased greatly in the last 20 years.
  7. Real median family income increased by 40% from 1984 to 2024.
  8. There are dozens of expert calculations of real incomes, adjusted for taxes, government benefits, charity, fringe benefits, hours, etc. Most show that 1975-1990 was flat and that 2000-20 showed modest increases.

Society

  1. The US continues to lead the world in charitable giving as a percentage of income, double the nearest country, Canada.
  2. US migration and population growth in the “Sunbelt” impacted local and national economies, politics and society. Texas (13-31M), California (21-39M) and Florida (8-23M) showed the greatest growth and national influence.
  3. Share of adults cohabiting has increased from 1% to 13%.
  4. Teen pregnancy rate has been cut in half.
  5. The share of married couples has declined from 83% to 67% of households.
  6. Parents now invest 20 hours per week caring for children, up from 12 hours in 1975.
  7. Same sex marriage was legalized by the US Supreme Court in 2015.
  8. Female labor force participation rate has increased from 46% to 57%.
  9. The female to male wage discount has been reduced from 35% to 10%.
  10. The number of congresswomen increased from 19 to 155 (7X).
  11. Women today have access to credit and credit cards in their own names.
  12. Black unemployment declined from 15% to 7%, with the excess above whites falling from 7% to 2%.
  13. Black poverty rate has declined from 30% to 18%.
  14. The Black to White income ratio has improved from 60% to 67%.
  15. The share of interracial marriages has increased from less than 1% to 10%.
  16. Percentage of Americans moving per year has declined from 20% to 12%. Interstate moves have declined from 3% to 2%.
  17. Robert Putnam’s “Bowling Alone” shows a 40% decrease in social participation during this time.
  18. Awareness, tolerance and support for “differences” is higher by an order of magnitude: races, nationality, immigration status, physical or mental disability, gender identity, mental health, autism, obesity, and personality.
  19. Hispanic Americans have increased from 6% to 20% of the population.
  20. The percentage of non-Christians, including religiously unaffiliated, has increased from 12% to 35% of the population.
  21. The share of 40-year-olds never married has increased from 6% to 25%.

Computers

  1. Personal computer software and phone apps provide tools for email, calendars, word processing and spreadsheets to everyone today.
  2. Personal computers are in 95% of homes versus 0% in 1975.
  3. More than 90% of jobs today require computer skills.
  4. Home internet access is 92%.
  5. Digital cameras, music, videos, sound and storage make everything portable.
  6. Voice controlled devices and instant language translation.
  7. Today’s 10-day weather forecasts are as reliable as next day forecasts in 1975.
  8. Google search and artificial intelligence provide access to all of man’s writings and promise thought, itself.

Communications

  1. Internet structure and web browser provide access to everything and everyone.
  2. Smartphones integrate computing and communications. 90% ownership rate. Provides photo, filming and navigating capabilities.
  3. Mobile/cellular phone networks and wifi routers offer universal access to the internet and phones.
  4. Social media networks combine the input of many to build and use networks.
  5. Internet allows for open-source software and information creation.
  6. Video conferencing and internet enabled phone/video calls are common.
  7. Voice mail, answering machines, caller ID and 911 were invented.
  8. Digital books have grown to 25% market share.
  9. Annual first class mail per person increased from 240 to a peak of 360 in 2000 before falling to 130 today.
  10. Daily newspaper subscriptions have plunged from 60 to 20 million.
  11. Share of homes with landlines has fallen from 90% to 30%.
  12. A 3-minute long distance call in 1975 cost $8.70 in current dollars. An international Skye call today is 77 cents.

Summary

The world is a better, richer and safer place. Politics has evolved. The economy is 4 times larger. Businesses and education are more effective. Energy is cheaper. Transportation is better. The environment is much better. Health is much better. Safety is much better. The consumer is king. Leisure options and quality can’t even be compared with 1975. Wealth is up. Incomes are up. Society is digesting many large changes. The computer and communications revolutions have delivered miracles and promise more.

We face social, political and environmental challenges. We have more resources than ever before. Based on American history we should be very confident about solving our challenges.

Index of 100 Good News Posts
Modern History Index
Civility Today Index
Civility Hope and Solutions: Index
Community Really Matters: Index
6 Root Causes of Our Situation

Modern History Index

tomkapostasy4 Comments
Modern History: Philosophy and Politics
Modern History: Society and Religion
Modern History: International
Modern History: Business & Economics
Modern History: Math (and Physics)
Modern History: Technology
Modern History: Communications and Computers
Modern History: Biology and Life

257 items pulled from all arenas of life. Technology dominates, especially in the last century.

Grouping events into 40-year blocks shows 1940-79 as twice as dynamic as other eras.

1450 – 1779 20

1780 – 1819 12

1820 – 1859 16

1860 – 1899 31

1900 – 1939 47

1940 – 1979 99

1980 – 2025 32

Modern History: Society and Religion

tomkapostasy2 Comments

1492 – Columbus reaches the new world. The Columbian exchange begins. The old world has much to reconsider.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Columbus

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbian_exchange

1517 – Martin Luther starts the Protestant Reformation. The Church’s authority is challenged.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Luther

1545 – The Catholic Reformation addresses challenges to the Church.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counter-Reformation

1738 – Methodism offers a new relationship to God.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methodism

1807 – Britain ends its slave trade after 3 centuries. The abolitionist movements create new views of societal change.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade

1821 – Liberal Christianity adapts to the Enlightenment, the Scientific Revolution, Critical Analysis and Darwin.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberal_Christianity

1865 – The American Civil War. Federalism, abolitionists, slavery, Lincoln, warfare, transport, industrialization, government growth, reconstruction, economic recovery, “Lost Cause”, Jim Crow. “A nation divided cannot stand”.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War

1880 – Community organizations of many kinds are created to manage immigrants, urbanization, industrialization, growth, mobility, diversity, poverty and public health.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_organization

1880 – Peak level migration from Europe to the United States begins.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_immigration_to_the_Americas

1886 – Post-impressionism leads to modern art, distanced from the public.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-Impressionism

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_art

1893 – The American Frontier era closes.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frontier_Thesis

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_frontier

1899 – American Popular Music emerges.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_popular_music

1910 – The “Great Migration” from the South to the North.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Migration_(African_American)

1910 – Christian fundamentalism is defined as a real alternative to “liberal Christianity”.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_fundamentalism

1920 – A majority of Americans live in urban areas. 76% in Northeast, 28% in the South.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urbanization_in_the_United_States

1922 – Protestant neo-orthodox theology is defined.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Barth

1922 – Personal psychology, “stream of consciousness” writing joins modern art to insert psychology and philosophy into popular arts.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulysses_(novel)

1936 – Self-help books, seminars, programs and counseling blossom, providing an individual, transactional, psychological, positive alternative to religion.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-help

1940 – US high school attendance reaches 80%, up from 40% in the 1920’s.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_school_movement

1944 – American soldiers enroll in higher education at record rates.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G.I._Bill

1946 – Returning soldiers also make up for lost time in forming families and having children.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-20th_century_baby_boom

1946 – New families needed new housing, leading to suburban real estate development.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suburbanization

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levittown

1949 – Dystopian fiction packs a much greater punch in the post-war era.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utopian_and_dystopian_fiction#Dystopian_fiction

1965 – The Roman Catholic Church addresses modernity.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Vatican_Council

1965 – Urban riots erupt in major US cities for several summers.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watts_riots

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_riot

1965 – University students rebel against the expected cultural conformity.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counterculture_of_the_1960s

1965 – Legal and illegal immigration to the United States grows.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_immigration_to_the_United_States

1969 – Divorce started to become a more personal, transactional event rather than a social or religious one.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No-fault_divorce

1969 – LGBTQ groups and supporters advocated for legal and social rights.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBTQ_history_in_the_United_States

1970 – English becomes the global language for trade, diplomacy and science.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_as_a_lingua_franca

1976 – The US birth rate drops by half. World rate is cut in half by 2014.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birth_rate

Summary

The movement from one Church to many Christian denominations to “A Secular Age” is the largest change. The growth of the US from a small colony to a world power and then to an economic, military and cultural superpower is of equal magnitude. Migration westward, northward, inward and to the cities has reshaped American culture. Individualism has grown to become the dominant cultural perspective. The role of laws and social norms in shaping personal behavior has dropped.

Americans have been extraordinarily mobile, joiners, religious, productive, creative, patriotic, pragmatic, skeptical and independent. The country has succeeded as a multi-cultural nation and been a successful exporter of its culture around the world.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soft_power

Civility Crisis or Civilization Crisis?

tomkapostasy4 Comments

https://www.britannica.com/topic/The-Fall-of-the-Roman-Empire

There has been a groundswell of interest in addressing the loss of civility in modern society. Members of both parties, young and old, rural, urban and suburban have begun to engage on this important topic. Civility is treating others with respect, especially when you disagree. It is a mental attitude, a habit, a character trait, a set of actions. Civility is a key to effective life in community, especially for participating in a democratic government.

Yet, I will argue that the loss of civility is a symptom of much larger challenges rather than a root cause. We need to examine and address these challenges and their causes. Other symptoms of a civilization crisis include political polarization, declining trust, weakened institutions, less social capital, deep skepticism, increased pessimism about the future, anxiety, social isolation, lack of common morality, greater income inequality, personal insecurity, diminished global institutions, and a “secular age’ where religious belief is tentative, in tension with scientism, commercialism, postmodernism, pragmatism, libertarianism, materialism, progress, individualism and the classic liberal political state.

I have summarized the root causes as:

Radical Individualism

Human Nature

Skepticism

Imperfect Myths

Our Secular Age

Insecurity

6 Root Causes of Our Situation

Radical Individualism and Community

We have unintentionally become a society of individualists, failing to adequately invest in community. We prioritize individual rights, commercial rights, gun rights, abortion rights, property rights, human rights, individual choice, self-actualization, creative development and raise tolerance to a mega-virtue. We need to re-establish the balance between individuals and the community.

What’s The Root Cause of Our Problems?: Radical Individualism
Only the Individual?
Our American Community
Critical Role for Community in American History
Our Kids: The American Dream in Crisis (2015)
Community Organizations
Liberal Concerns; Community Solutions
Embracing Community: Overcoming Roadblocks on the Left

Poisonous Politics

With the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1992, Francis Fukuyama’s bold claim that we were seeing “the end of history” seemed plausible, even likely. Liberal democracy, mixed capitalist economies and deepening global trade looked like sure winners. Historic options had been completely discredited. People are not so easily satisfied. Politicians are more creative than expected. They have redefined, repackaged, reorganized and recommunicated. They have convinced us to merge our religious and political identities. We have “retreated to our corners”, embracing polarized politics because the other guy is most certainly awful.

Fukuyama says that pure liberal democracy depends upon a cultural, community, philosophical base to hold it together. We coasted on the tails of Western civilization and Christianity, but that common source is gone. We have become so concerned with defining and defending our identities that politics has become a matter of “ultimate concern”! Klein documents how we have moved into this mess and provides some practical solutions. Haidt outlines our built-in religious/political mental patterns and how politicians use them to craft seductive policies, parties and messages.

We have paths out of this polarized dead-end.

One Page: Liberalism and Its Discontents – Fukuyama (2022)
Liberalism and Its Discontents – Francis Fukuyama 2022
Fukuyama: Identity (2018)
Why We’re Polarized 2020
One Page: Why We’re Polarized – Klein (2020)
The Righteous Mind: Why Good People are Divided by Politics and Religion – 2012 (Part 1)
The Righteous Mind – Part 2
Moral Foundations Theory of Politics
What’s The Root Cause of Our Problems?: Skepticism
Civility: Can’t We All Just Get Along?
Our Political Differences are NOT Going Away; And That’s OK

Religion

The breakdown of the “Christian consensus” undermines the certainty of religious belief, making any denomination, including “none of the above” simply one choice among many. Humans need answers to big challenges like:

  1. Facing death.
  2. Finding a purpose beyond self.
  3. Being affirmed.
  4. Living as a social being in community.

Our present solutions are imperfect. We have not developed a context or framework for living comfortably and confidently in “A Secular Age”. We have confronted big challenges before and have succeeded.

What’s the Root Cause of Our Problems?: Our Secular Age
How (NOT) to be Secular: Reading Charles Taylor
The Ethics of Authenticity / The Malaise of Modernity (1991) – Charles Taylor
What’s The Root Cause of Our Problems?: Imperfect Myths
The World is Not Atomistic, Deterministic, Materialistic
Good News: God is NOT Dead In the US
Peggy Lee: Is That All There Is?
Top Scientific Discoveries: Do They Promote Science (Materialism) or Religion (Supernaturalism)?

Morality

Scholars, intellectuals, historians, political scientists, philosophers and theologians mostly reject the idea of creating a common morality to hold together society, especially our political culture and processes. I say that we have no choice but to try. We have done this in our public schools for a century. We can define a common moral core just like the Boy Scouts and Rotary have done.

Common Moral Values
We Have More in Common Than You Think
Words for Who We Are in Common
Morality (2020) Jonathan Sacks
The Soul of America – Jon Meachem (2018)
The Road to Character – 2015

Insecurity

The loss of a solid religious base combined with a high rate of technological changes and a meritocratic economic system create deeply felt insecurity. We must create a context where “everyman” can rest, survive and thrive.

What’s the Root Cause of Our Problems?: Insecurity
R-E-S-P-E-C-T
R-E-S-P-E-C-T-2
The Janesville Plan: Economic Opportunity for All

Solutions

We have many problems. We need many solutions. Some can be addressed through grass roots efforts to simply change the way we see the world and how we interact with each other. Some will require difficult political changes.

Facing Our Political Situation: How Do You Solve a Problem Like Maria?
Don’t Be a Political Victim (Right)
Don’t Be a Political Victim (Left)
We Always Have a Choice
Taking Back Our Government: Candidate Appraisal Boards (CAB)
Promoting the General Good: A Council of Advisors, Elders, Guardians or Wisdom
Civility Pledges
Modern Curriculum for Citizens

Summary

We have reached a point in US history and Western Civilization where individualism has overreached and eclipsed community, religion and morality. We see this everywhere. We need to recognize our difficult situation and build upon our historical strengths. We have made tremendous progress in all dimensions during the last 500 years around the world. We know how to get along even when we disagree. We need to refine and invest in those structures. We understand human nature much better today than we did in 1500, 1750 or 2000. We know we can’t create a “Tower of Babel” but we can create useful structures to manage our political and religious differences while offering everyone a good life.

Facing Our Political Situation: How Do You Solve a Problem Like Maria?

tomkapostasy8 Comments

BERTHE:
She climbs a tree
And scrapes her knee
Her dress has got a tear.

SOPHIA:
She waltzes on her way to mass
And whistles on the stair.

BERTHE:
And underneath her wimpole
She has curlers in her hair!

SOPHIA:
I ever hear her singing in the abbey.

BERTHE:
She’s always late for chapel,

MARGARETTA:
But her penitence is real.

BERTHE:
She’s always late for everything,
Except for every meal.

MOTHER ABBESS:
I hate to have to say it
But I very firmly feel

BERTHE AND SOPHIA:
Maria’s not an asset to the abbey!

MARGARETTA:
I’d like to say a word in her behalf.
Maria makes me laugh!

SOPHIA:
How do you solve a problem like Maria?

MOTHER ABBESS:
How do you catch a cloud and pin it down?

MARGARETTA:
How do you find a word that means Maria?

BERTHE:
A flibberti gibbet!

SOPHIA:
A willo’ the wisp!

MARGARETTA:
A clown!

MOTHER ABBESS:
Many a thing you know you’d like to tell her,
Many a thing she ought to understand.

MARGARETTA:
But how do you make her stay
And listen to all you say,

MOTHER ABBESS:
How do you keep a wave upon the sand?

MARGARETTA:
Oh, how do you solve a problem like Maria?

MOTHER ABBESS:
How do you hold a moonbeam in your hand?

MARGARETTA:
When I’m with her I’m confused,
Out of focus and bemused,
And I never know exactly where I am.

SOPHIA:
Unpredictable as weather,
She’s as flighty as a feather,

MARGARETTA:
She’s a darling,

BERTHE:
She’s a demon,

MARGARETTA:
She’s a lamb.

SOPHIA:
She’d out-pester any pest,
Drive a hornet from his nest,

BERTHE:
She can throw a whirling dervish
Out of whirl.

MARGARETTA:
She is gentle,
She is wild,

SOPHIA:
She’s a riddle.

MARGARETTA:
She’s a child.

BERTHE:
She’s a headache!

MARGARETTA:
She’s an angel!

MOTHER ABBESS:
She’s a girl.

ALL NUNS:
How do you solve a problem like Maria?
How do you catch a clown and pin it down?
How do you find a word that means Maria?
A flibberti gibbet!
A willo’ the wisp!
A clown!
Many a thing you know you’d like to tell her,
Many a thing she ought to understand.
But how do you make her say,
And listen to all you say?
How do you keep a wave upon the sand?
Oh, how do you solve a problem like Maria?
How do you hold a moonbeam in your hand?

Context

Our polarized political situation is just the tip of the iceberg. We have similar challenges with our communities, economics and philosophies. We have well-meaning groups of individuals with apparently incompatible views without obvious ways to build bridges. We are facing a self-reinforcing cycle of increasing polarization, threatening modern civilization.

I’ve been focusing on the “root causes” of our situation recently and concluded that there are 6 interacting features that must be understood and addressed.

  1. Radical individualism, which undermines “community” and self-awareness.
  2. Human nature. We are psychologically and morally imperfect. Largely analog creatures wrestling with a much more complex world of choices.
  3. Skepticism. We are good at criticizing, undermining and doubting. Not as good at problem solving, problem resolution, creativity, empathy and communication.
  4. Living in a Secular Age. The default, background, unchallenged Christian worldview is gone. Individuals know they must make conscious choices.
  5. Imperfect Myths. Religion, science, progress, romanticism, personal growth, libertarianism, populism, classic liberalism, conservatism, capitalism, postmodernism … None of the individual views or clusters of worldviews is fully adequate for many people.
  6. Insecurity. Science, technology, business, international trade, specialization, computers, communications, and information all grow and become more complex. We are insecure in our “selves”, our roles and our economic situations.
6 Root Causes of Our Situation

In each case, the simple “left versus right” analysis or viewpoints are inadequate, misleading and ineffective.

  1. Conservatives promote economic individualism. Liberals promote social and “human rights” individualism. We have jointly lost sight of the essential role played by community in all dimensions of life.
  2. Conservatives tend to emphasize the negative, limited, sinful nature of man while liberals focus on the goodness and potential. Scientists conclude that we are both. Politicians and analysts tend to use overly simple models of man when seeking to understand or improve our situation.
  3. Conservatives are skeptical about progress, change, risks and high ideals. Liberals are skeptical about power, wealth, interests, structure, and large organizations. Healthy skepticism has its place.
  4. Conservatives fight the coming of a “Secular Age” with no cultural consensus on important questions. Liberals tend to welcome continued change towards a purely secular, scientific world where religion and philosophy disappear. We seem to be “stuck” needing a hybrid situation.
  5. Conservatives tend to embrace “well-defined” philosophies, theologies and myths. Liberals tend to like more complex, dynamic, evolving, individually fine-tuned world views. Theologians, philosophers, politicians, scientists and real people have been unable to outline life paradigms that are “obviously true” to everyone. We have different views, and it looks like there is no single final answer that everyone welcomes.
Our Political Differences are NOT Going Away; And That’s OK

6. Conservatives emphasize a return to a culture with fixed answers on all dimensions thereby eliminating the difficult questions and uncertainties. Liberals emphasize a larger role for the state to buffer the real and mental anxieties of the modern world. Rather than finding a blended approach, the two groups shout louder and louder. Conservative means to liberal ends? More choice and more government options?

Analysis

What do we see in common here? There is no simple solution that is going to be embraced by everyone. The moral, social, political world does not work like the science and business world. We don’t see cumulative progress and increasing consensus. We struggle to find new or revised solutions to our old and new challenges of living a good life within community.

We know more about reality today on each of these 6 dimensions. We can rule out some bad ideas. We better understand trade-offs. We understand where religious and political views inherently cause disagreements. Our challenge is to use this better understanding to find better solutions.

We appear to have many unavoidable trade-offs and paired perspectives. The individual and community. Individual choice and shared community understanding. Analog and spiritual nature. Nature, nurture, chance and other. Certainty and doubt. Idealism and pragmatism. Logic and stories. Individual and universal/eternal. Either/or vs. both/and. Win/lose or win/win.

We have a deep need for certainty, understanding and purpose. We tend to press this too far and expect too much. The progress of science, technology, business and practical areas is so great. Our personal experiences of getting what we want is so common. We are unwilling to accept messy, imperfect, complex, fuzzy answers to important questions. We embrace the general progress of society, politics, science, business, human rights, medicine … and conclude that everything works this way. We look at Newton, classical physics, the scientific method, the ancient Greek model of the atom/materialism and Plato’s ideal “forms” and conclude that a very well-defined world is our birthright.

It’s time for a “revolution of expectations”. We can work with existing philosophies, theologies, worldviews, politics and social institutions and make them more effective. We can learn to embrace paradigms/myths that are imperfect. We can adjust our views and institutions to better support us in this new world.

In general, we need to become more comfortable with “both/and” solutions without falling into the trap of radical skepticism, relativity and subjectivity. We must look more deeply at the scientific method, science and the philosophy of science and understand how they are also imperfectly certain. Even mathematics is not perfectly certain. This is OK. Our political, cultural, social and religious views don’t need to be perfectly certain. We can embrace Kierkegaard’s “leap of faith” as a gift, an insight, an experience rather than a curse.

How Do You Solve a Problem Like Maria?

It’s 1965. Maria means well. She can’t easily fit into a classical religious organization. She is too human, too dynamic, too modern. The cat is out of the bag. The horse is out of the barn. The genie is out of the bottle. “How do you hold a moonbeam in your hand?” Like the sisters, we need to embrace the tension, complexity, mystery, and potential of individuals, organizations and life. The classical answers are inadequate to the modern (or postmodern) situation. We have to understand our situation. We need to embrace the positive features. We should be optimistic and idealistic. We must work together on practical changes to make life better at all levels. This is not easy or trivial. We want simple answers. We want “either/or” style certainty. We want definitive rules and laws. We are “all in this together”. We can make progress. We can have a society with enough in common to work together and enough individual freedom to largely make our own choices.

High Level Solutions Strategy

First, we need to recognize where we are. We’re truly stuck “on the horns of a dilemma”. The historical conservative options of Christendom, nationalism, theocracy, libertarianism, laissez faire capitalism and totalitarianism ignore 500 years of Western culture and society. The liberal options of secular humanism, communism, progress, scientific materialism, romanticism, environmentalism, globalism, existentialism and postmodernism have not found broad public support [because they don’t fully meet human needs].

We seem to be “stuck in the middle” with a “classical liberal” form of representative government, a mixed market plus government form of capitalism and a mixed form of nationalism plus some internationalism for trade, defense and global issues. Our challenge is to refine, communicate and optimize the options and choices within the broad range of options here in the “middle”. We need to collectively reject the extreme views, so they don’t influence our debates. We need to define the essential elements of our middle view, wrap them in a story and constantly promote them as the key to historical, current and future success. The American “founding fathers” stories need to be updated for current use.

We need to address the 6 root causes of our current polarization and anxiety. We need to overhaul our political system to reflect what we have learned in 250 years. A brief outline of what is needed for each of the 6 root causes follows.

1. Radical Individualism and Community

We need leaders on the left and right to recognize the need for both the individual and community dimensions of life. First, limit the “rights” of individuals from becoming super values or God. Second, recognize and promote the critical roles of various communities in raising children, forming citizens, building trust, supporting institutions, trade, education and living a great life.

Our political, legal, educational and institutional systems must effectively support this balanced “both/and” view. We need to find ways to encourage and support “community” without allowing groups to impinge on individual liberties. Political parties must become refocused on their end-goals rather than “perfect” policies and means. Democrats need to provide more room for churches to express their views when it does not impact others. They need to embrace religious programs that deliver on Democratic ends. Republicans need to pursue cost reduction and earned benefits as separate policies aside from the core question of tax rates and zero taxes. Republicans need to find ways to reconcile the individualism of commercial capitalism with the community dimension of religion, family and institutions.

We need to review our tax and legal codes to promote not-for-profit organizations, political participation, volunteering and civility. Within the broad umbrella of “Western Culture” we have much in common that can be used to find solutions with broad public support.

Community Really Matters: Index

2. Human Nature

We need leading social scientists to prepare a curriculum that helps everyone to understand what we really known about human nature. The extreme philosophical and political views are not supported. It’s not simple nature or nurture. We’re not simply good or bad. We’re not purely materialistic creatures. Personal growth is essential and critical, but not the only thing. We are social and moral beings. We have limited abilities to be fully focused and fully rational. All of us. We need to embrace our natures, build upon them and use them to our fullest advantage. The challenges of living in modern society with so many important choices require this. This should not be a political issue. Everyone can benefit.

Personality dimensions, flexibility, self-awareness, problem solving, creativity, multiple intelligences, behavioral economics, counseling, leadership, management, mentoring, stages of development, education, evolutionary psychology, cognitive behavioral therapy, influence, communications. We have the knowledge. We must share it.

Modern Curriculum for Citizens
The World is Not Atomistic, Deterministic, Materialistic

3. Skepticism

Skepticism is a self-made trap. President Lincoln said “most folks are as happy as they make up their minds to be”. Individuals can choose to be happy, positive, optimistic. Keep a diary, volunteer, join a group, engage in a task, use your talents, believe in something, reject negativity, speak with a friend, have fun, speak with a counselor.

Try recommendations from the other 5 root causes. Find your communities. Build positive habits. Look at the long-run progress of civilization. Try one of the major religions or worldviews on for size. Refuse to be a victim.

Take control of your information diet. Social media. News media. Distinguish news from opinion. Choose high quality sources.

Choose hope over fear. Be self-confident. Dream.

Dream the Impossible Dream

4. Embrace the Secular Age

We need some help understanding our history. It’s often presented as a linear movement forward, all progress, renaissance, scientific revolution, enlightenment, modernity and then OUCH postmodernity.

By 1875, Nietzsche, Darwin, Marx and Freud had proven that “God is dead”. Somehow, we have managed to hold on for another 150 years. We need to teach real history in secondary school, college and continuing education. The history needs to include religion, philosophy and politics.

We have learned to be tolerant of “other” people, religions and nations. We have opportunities to improve, but Protestants and Catholics no longer fight wars against each other. We practice a basic common morality even as we fight about politics.

We need help dealing with uncertainty. See root cause 6 for solutions. It is human nature to crave certainty. But we get to define certainty. We can reject Euclidean geometry, Aristotelian logic, materialistic physics and self-proving mathematics. We can reject a perfection standard for religion, philosophy and worldviews. Reject the tyranny of “either/or”. “Science and religion” is supported by the best scholars. Uncertainty is not the same as pure subjectivity or relativity.

We need help moving from skepticism to idealism. We need a new concept of idealism that cannot be undercut by radical skepticism. Existentialism, pragmatism, postmodernism and logical positivism are inadequate.

Invest time learning about the major competing world views. Great courses, Ted talks, college courses, church classes. Choose one and engage with others. Live it. Share it. Challenge it. Apply a variant of “Pascal’s Wager”. If radical skepticism is true and there is nothing but meaninglessness, what must you do? If skepticism is wrong and you believed it, what did you lose?

5. Better Myths, Paradigms, Philosophies, Theologies

We need leaders, thinkers, believers and communicators to do a better job of describing their world views. Especially within the context of our skeptical, uncertain secular age. What claims do they make? Why? Time for real apologetics. How do they apply today? How do we face death? Find a purpose beyond ourselves? Be deeply affirmed? Live in community?

Skepticism has won its battle. We can no longer be certain in a way we once thought was our due. How do we think about assurances, confidence, probability, weights, multiple dimensions, history, clarity, beauty, consistency, levels of meaning, unexpected results, effectiveness, feelings, insights, intuitions and faith as replacements for certainty? As with science and the scientific method, we have lost “absolute certainty”. How do we replace this and still feel great?

We need education on the role of paradigms/myths in history, science and cultures. We need to see how things fit together. We need them to fit together to have a society. Men have considered many religions and philosophies. We have built effective institutions. We once believed that some myth or paradigm would solve everything for us, now, perfectly. We elevated this to become a new God. We cannot give up hope. We have to step back and see our true history and progress. We have the knowledge, teachers and tools to provide the needed context.

Our paradigms need to recognize where they are weak, somewhat inconsistent, inadequate, fuzzy, unavoidably irreducible. There is no meta-paradigm for evaluating the paradigms. No paradigm is self-validating.

6. Personal Security

The other 5 “root cause” solutions can help. You are a member of many supportive communities. Join other communities and support others. Note that we are imperfect, complex, mysterious and still fully adequate. Reject victimhood. Be positive and constructive. Embrace your strengths and talents. Replace “absolute certainty” with OK and “good enough”. Choose and live a worldview that supports you as a person.

Take control of your life. Simplify. Set reasonable goals. Under promise and overperform. Learn about psychology, life skills, personal finance, careers, and government programs. Note that people usually “find a way” and that we do make economic and leisure progress through time. Save, hold assets, use insurance, limit debt. Engage in the political process. Make your voice heard.

Adopt some practical stoicism. Lynn Anderson – “I beg your pardon, I never promised you a rose garden”.

Summary

In order to solve our political problems, we need to face and solve the 6 underlying root causes. They are interconnected. They can be addressed mostly outside of the political process. This is cause for great hope and optimism.

Common Moral Values

tomkapostasy6 Comments

https://www.sefiracreative.com/

Moral Shortcomings Are Noted Everywhere

Social conservatives have decried the decline of moral values since 1960.

Religious groups of all political views have done the same.

Robert Putnam has documented the loss of social capital in Bowling Alone, Our Kids, The Upswing and American Grace noting that morality, trust and institutions have declined at the same time.

Political scientists and pundits have noted the loss of civic virtue and wonder if a political system based on the “thin” virtues of “classical liberalism” can survive.

High schools, colleges and departments of education have begun to respond to the “crisis” but faced political challenges from both parties, educators and parents.

Corporations, universities, not for profits and military branches have attempted to define their core values as a way to build community, align resources and clarify direction. They note an absence of common values in their employees.

Personal growth advocates, even those emphasizing individual artistic expression, have increasingly noted that the community and spiritual dimensions of life are part of growth.

Big Disagreements

While social and political conservatives have pressed for moral reinforcements, both moderate and progressive liberals have pushed back on these efforts; wary of infringing on personal liberties and supporting community, cultural and institutional oppression. Economic conservatives and libertarians have not bemoaned the decline in community and shared values. Some “communitarian” philosophers and social scientists have begun to challenge the individualistic dogmas that have ruled universities since the Enlightenment. There is not a firm consensus that we need or can have on “shared values”. Many philosophers, theologians and social scientists are quite certain that this is a dead-end street.

Practically Speaking

A majority of citizens and leaders agree that the loss of a shared set of values is harming our country and society. We need to find some kind of solution. Promote religion. Educate students and adults. Conduct research. Create artistic vehicles for learning. Work together on teams. Join groups. Communicate better.

Let’s start by outlining the common moral values. We’ll ignore the experts. We’ll gloss over some inconsistencies. We won’t provide perfect definitions. We won’t outline an implementation strategy. We will provide a meaningful outline by combining the thoughts of some very different sources

Motivations

This is not a dead-end project. We live in “A Secular Age”. We’re not going to reach religious or political agreement on everything. Most people understand that we are forced to live together and that we have to “get along”. We have learned to be “tolerant” in most dimensions of life. We can learn to embrace a set of general moral principles that are self-evident. The principles cannot be proven or derived from core principles. They have to be “accepted”.

Individuals who learn these principles will do so for many reasons if they are presented well. They help the individual to live in a social world. Self-interest alone justifies developing these virtues, understanding and habits. These principles seem to be natural, widely seen across time, space and cultures. They may not be universal or “revealed” but they have proven their worth. Individuals are learning that extreme skepticism and subjectivity are inadequate. Every major worldview offers a set of moral principles like these. Individuals who strive to fulfill their potential understand that moral principles underlie “the good life”. These principles work together nicely in a logical, relatively succinct package.

Sources

Corporate “core values” experts trying to find the essences so they can be easily taught. Anthropologists looking for the most widely seen values. The evolutionary psychologist Jonathan Haidt. Mid-century philosopher and Christian apologist C.S. Lewis claiming that all major civilizations share key ethical principles. Psychology Today advising us on how to best guide our behavior. The Boy Scout Oath. The Rotary 4-Way test.

Summary

Descriptions

https://rootedindecency.com/blog/values/4-core-values-shared.html

4 self-evident clusters of Respect, Responsibility, Honesty and Compassion. We know what these are. We know they are good and useful. We know that it requires work for children to learn them and for us to put them into practice consistently and effectively.

Another author calls out Fairness as a fifth cluster.

https://docket.acc.com/harness-power-5-core-moral-values

A group of Oxford anthropologists has surveyed the vast literature on cultures and identified 7 universal principles that are almost always evident and never contradicted. They begin to add some second-level definitions to the 5 clusters.

Respect is shown both by “deferring to superiors” and “respecting property”. Responsibility is shown by “helping your family”, “helping your group” and “being brave”. Fairness is exhibited by “dividing fairly” and “returning favors”. This group didn’t see honesty and compassion as universal values.

Home

Haidt’s “The Righteous Mind” introduced the world to a set of moral flavors that varied between traditional and modern (WEIRD) societies and between left and right politicians. His team has added some flavors that have some plausible origin in the development of men from hunter-gatherers through farming and cities. For Respect, Haidt agrees that property ownership rights matter and that respect for authority is critical to holding together communities. Without it, the free rider problem undermines groups. He also argues that “liberty” is the “flip side” of authority. Individuals inherently feel the need to defend their individuality against potentially oppressive authority.

Haidt emphasizes the importance of family, kinship, honor and loyalty in traditional societies. He argues that these values are just as valid as the modern care, fairness and equality trio. He provides 3 flavors of fairness, adding proportionality and equality to the basic idea. He also skips “honesty” and emphasizes “care” as the result of compassion. He adds “Purity” as a separate factor reflecting both biological and religious forms of cleanliness for early men.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Abolition_of_Man

Uncovering the Tao of C.S. Lewis

In 1943, C.S. Lewis had experienced enough modern analytic philosophy, subjectivity and intellectual progress and fired back with “The Abolition of Man”. He argued that without an objective moral framework, Western civilization was doomed. The Nazi and communist threats mattered. But the breakdown of common culture, values and beliefs within democracy was an equal threat. Lewis argued that a roughly common moral framework and principles existed in every thriving culture. His “natural law” view was not widely embraced at the time.

Lewis’s 8 components of the Tao, or “the way” fit nicely into the 5 clusters. His “duties to parents, elders and ancestors” fits with Respect. He filled out Responsibility with family duties, kinship feelings and magnanimity which emphasized the bravery of making the right decisions. His “law of general beneficence” fills out Fairness. He outlines Veracity as critical to honesty and expands it with the “Law of Justice”. He fills the Compassion group with his Mercy.

https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/beyond-school-walls/202305/10-core-values-to-guide-behavior

A recent Psychology Today article takes a more “personal growth” oriented view. The Respect drawer is empty, although “authenticity” could be seen as a form of self-respect. Dr. Koehler adds resilience to the Responsibility core value and includes Fairness. She adds 3 others to the Honesty cluster after Integrity. A growing individual needs to value authenticity, open-mindedness and lifelong learning. We start to see why there are differences at the second level, but I don’t think they are too great. The author embraces compassion, adding empathy and gratitude to this section.

https://www.scouting.org/about/faq/question10/

The Scout Oath was drafted in 1908. A Respectful scout is Obedient, reverent and Courteous. A Responsible scout is Thrifty, Helpful, Loyal and Brave. An Honest scout is Trustworthy. A Compassionate scout is Kind, Friendly and Cheerful. A scout is Clean.

https://my.rotary.org/en/guiding-principles

The Rotary 4-Way test was drafted in 1932. It fits into 4 of the 5 main categories.

Summary

We have a nice head start on outlining a set of common moral principles that could be used for education, civics, personal growth and community building. The core ideas fit with traditional and modern societies, secular and religious views, left and right politics. The key, as with our political system, is to agree to work within a framework of practical application. We cannot and will not resolve deeply felt religious, philosophical and political views. But we can agree on what it takes to work together and live good lives together.

Our Political Differences are NOT Going Away; And That’s OK
One Page: Liberalism and Its Discontents – Fukuyama (2022)
Moral Foundations Theory of Politics
Morality (2020) Jonathan Sacks
Modern Curriculum for Citizens
Our Kids: The American Dream in Crisis (2015)
Community Really Matters: Index
How (NOT) to be Secular: Reading Charles Taylor
All Things Shining: A Secular Age Solution?

Our Political Differences are NOT Going Away; And That’s OK

tomkapostasy7 Comments

https://www.history.com/news/whose-vision-of-america-won-out-hamiltons-or-jeffersons

  1. Jonathan Haidt’s “moral foundations” appear to be deeply rooted in human evolution. Democrats mostly embrace care, fairness and equality. Republicans emphasize the broader menu of loyalty, authority, purity, proportionality, honor, liberty, and ownership. Policy differences are unavoidable.
Home

2. Citizens have differing interests/views in all 4 broad domains of international relations, economics, politics and culture.

3. The basic left/liberal/progressive versus right/conservative/traditional divide has endured for 2 centuries.

4. Social scientists agree that some form of the psychological dimension of “openness” is an important driver of left versus right political views. Individuals who are more intuitive (N)/abstract/open on the second Meyers-Briggs dimension tend to take liberal views. Those with more concrete/specific/applied views tend to be conservatives. Similarly, those who are more Judging rather than Perceiving on the 4th dimension tend to be conservatives, seeing the world in an orderly, structured manner. Meyers-Briggs (T)hinkers tend to be conservative, and (F)eelers tend to be liberal, but this is a weaker statistical link.

https://personalityjunkie.com/08/personality-politics-liberals-conservatives-myers-briggs-big-five/

5. Philosophers and social scientists have worked intently for 2 centuries to find a “scientific”, objective, rational, modern view of how politics “ought” to be. Classical liberals, including Immanuel Kant and John Rawls, have proposed neutral, allegedly “value free” systems, but they have not been widely adopted.

6. Religious supporters have watched for a new “great awakening” or signs of the “end times” without success.

7. The progressive era of 1880-1920 overturned some of the political machines of the time and replaced them with scientific management style city managers and opposing political forces. “Good government” folks have since proposed and implemented city managers, commissions, outsourcing, sunset laws, zero based budgeting, process improvements and referendums but this has not removed politics from governing.

8. Philosophers have considered and combined pre-Socratic, Socratic, Neo-Platonian, Aristotelian, Augustinian, Aquinian, scholastic and modern views. They have discounted many views but not reached any true consensus on the important questions. We remain at a stalemate about the critical questions of the individual vs. community, objective vs. subjective reality, ideal/essential vs. existential/empirical world, natural and/or supernatural world, and a logical/designed vs. random/evolving world.

9. Philosophers and social scientists mostly agree that values, morality and character are inherently subjective. Some religious oriented people, philosophers and social scientists agree that a subset of core values is widely seen and shared, but this view has not gathered followers in the last half-century.

Uncovering the Tao of C.S. Lewis

10. Classical liberals argue that the US system of democracy and representative government with “checks and balances” is fully adequate to guide society in making solid public choices. This group argues that the citizens can embrace the underlying required pluralistic political values without having to make further choices about broader cultural values. Conservatives and a growing number of moderates and liberals today complain that this approach offers a morality that is too “thin” to support a culture or a political system in the long run.

One Page: Liberalism and Its Discontents – Fukuyama (2022)
Liberalism and Its Discontents – Francis Fukuyama 2022

11. Perceived scarcity is not going to disappear soon, even with continued economic growth and 70 years’ worth of such predictions. Everyone remains interested in getting their fair share of the growing pie.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Affluent_Society

12. Class interests have not been destroyed. If anything, the life experiences between the top 1%, 10%, 20% and the middle 60% or the bottom 20% have diverged even further apart in the last 75 years. Although we don’t discuss “class” as an organizing principle for politics in the US, it has grown to become more important.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_in_the_Twenty-First_Century

13. Social scientists have a much better understanding of “human nature”. We are imperfect. We have personality preferences. We can flex and learn but only so much. Nature and nurture. Tremendous potential. Education and experience are insufficient to create “perfect” citizens who can easily overcome our inherent political differences.

What’s the Root Cause of Our Problems?: Human Nature

Summary

Despite the great progress of Western Civilization, we do not have and are very unlikely to find a single solution to our political differences. As individuals we have deeply experienced, considered and felt views of how our community should best operate. They are mutually inconsistent. We can work together to resolve some differences and agree to compromise on others. The apparently valid and opposing views don’t have an obvious resolution. I recommend that we constructively work together to find reasonable, decent compromise solutions and at the same time accept our inability to find an ideal solution without allowing that to discourage us.

We Have More in Common Than You Think

tomkapostasy8 Comments
“Vasily Kandinsky: Around the Circle” at The Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York City

Just Clicks and Eyeballs?

Journalists, artists, pundits, entertainers and politicians all scheme for our attention. Once upon a time … we briefly thought that the internet and social media might usher in a new age of information, selection, objectivity, useful filtering, wisdom and cooperation!!!! Unfortunately, we are now deluged by “least common denominator” communications skillfully targeted to lure us into a non-stop cycle of clicking on marketable links. These communications very effectively use every trick and technique to appeal to our emotions, prejudices, weak attention, surface thinking, fears, hopes, exaggerations, etc.

Politicians of all flavors have conspired to convince us that the whole world is comprised of “good versus evil” people, politicians, parties, religions, states, policies and institutions. Everything is “win/lose”. Disagreement is motivated by bad ideas and motives rather than differences of opinion or interests. Compromise is a sign of weakness. Every political actor is purely motivated by self-interest.

We each have a moral, political, social, religious and personal responsibility to evaluate these “conclusions”. Let’s start with overturning the idea that we have nothing in common, that we must rely upon politicians to define opposing policies, parties and philosophies and fight to the death for one or the other to finally win.

Human Nature

Biologically we are all the same.

We intuitively and rationally combine thinking, feeling and doing; conscious and unconscious drives.

We each think that we are “right”. As in Lake Wobegon, we are all “above average”. We struggle to maintain self-awareness, to consider the needs of others, to even pursue our own goals consistently and effectively. We are functionally and morally imperfect.

We have a variety of needs and desires that cannot be fully met. Safety, acceptance, achievement, agency, transcendence, control, familiarity, influence, consistency, love, health, growth, expression, authenticity, loyalty.

We are primarily “analog” beings.

Human Experience

We face death, evil, suffering, disappointments, violations, violence and pain. Random, irrational, unavoidable experiences. We often respond with fear, anxiety, cautiousness, anger and victimhood. We search for ways to “manage”.

We experience life through time, learning, relationships, lessons, goals, planning, dreams, hope, commitments, doing, feeling, thinking, feedback, taking risks, managing risks and opportunities, engaging, disengaging, focusing, relaxing, looking outward, looking inward. The journey is complex and the perspective changes.

We balance and prioritize. Limited resources. Unlimited desires. Personal, family, social, community, religious, financial, and health dimensions compete. At best, we fight the many demands to a “draw”.

We struggle to keep up in a world that becomes more complex every decade: personal choices, goods and services available, information available, technical complexity, political complexity, social choices, religious choices, communications options, philosophical choices, scientific results, business complexity, international options, cultural options. More options, more choices, greater expectations.

We live in a culture that prioritizes the economic dimension of production and consumption. We have embraced a meritocracy that offers great rewards to the winners and a modest “safety net” to those who are not winning. Economic and status anxiety are very high in the most economically successful nation in history. We promote an extreme personal responsibility that undermines those who don’t always achieve and sustain their highest goals.

We live in a world that has been labelled the “therapeutic society” or the world of “expressive individualism”, summarized by the US Army slogan of “Be all that you can be”. The individual is responsible for living and achieving a great life of personal expression reflecting their talents and possibilities. The individual has many coaches, advisors, mentors and therapists, but is alone in choosing their “destiny”. They cannot rely upon tradition, religion, culture, nation, village, parents, personality profiles, or skills assessments. This radical secular humanism view places the responsibility for identifying and achieving a “world changing” destiny upon each person. Wise individuals find some way to “balance” this personal responsibility with other influences, refusing to adopt a godlike stance. They avoid becoming like Icarus and flying too close to the sun.

We live in a world that highlights the individual above nature, community, culture or religion. Complete individual liberty, freedom and opportunity are desired. No trade-offs with the other dimensions of life. “Natural consequences” frustrate those who embrace this libertarian ideal.

Life is hard. So many advances in society, business, education and technology. The challenges to “living a good life” are greater than ever. The progressive promise is undermined. All individuals must now make choices that were once reserved for kings, priests, princes, monks, scientists, philosophers, artists, governors, generals, financiers, industrialists, explorers, entrepreneurs, and presidents.

Culture

We digest the beliefs, norms and values of our culture subconsciously. The legacy of Christian Western Civilization continues. The legacy of secular humanism continues. We live in a “secular age” where deep faith and unskeptical religious commitment is unusual for the highly educated one-third. We’re “neither fish nor fowl”. Culture really matters but is today a blend of two streams like “oil and vinegar”. There is much in common. There are some big differences. We generally share the political, economic, social, religious, scientific and literary history of Western Europe, even though parts of the intellectual community have promoted disturbing alternate views for almost 200 years.

Despite living in a “secular age” and an “individualistic age”, we all need to be connected to various communities. Although community participation frequency, manner and depth vary greatly across the decades, humans always need to be connected.

We share a legacy and currency of art, media, design, architecture, music and entertainment. High-brow and low-brow. Mass market and specialized. Push versus pull connectivity. We are connected.

The US remains an unusual Western society where the not-for-profit, religious, social, volunteer world performs major social welfare functions. We share our experiences of funding, volunteering, leading and consuming from these organizations. The individual and community experience of managing these organizations shapes our world view. Our individualistic bias combines with our social/religious obligations to create and support these organizations.

We share our experiences in pre-K, elementary, high school and college education. Mainly public schools. The content shapes our perspectives.

We have moved from 6 to 4 to 3 to 2 to 1.X children per family. We invest like never before in the growth, education, experiences, guidance, mentoring, support and direction of our children. Helicopter parents. Summer programs. Internships. International experiences. The youth orientation reigns supreme.

We continue to value the “social esteem” provided by others. We comply with social norms in every dimension of life. We seek approval. We consume good and services to signal our social status. We achieve, perform and consume based on social influences.

We adopt “tolerance” as a supreme moral value. We don’t advise, influence or interfere with others, even when we strongly disagree.

We continue to struggle with the idea of a “class structure” in America despite the obvious growth in economic, social and political influence of the wealthy (top 1%) and the professional class (top 10%).

Communications

We share the American “English language”. It dominates the whole world.

We share the mass media, local newspapers, industry and professional journals, scientific and academic journals, the entertainment industry, social media platforms, community forums and the internet.

We share modern communications and information technology. A “smart-phone” is in every pocket, instantly accessing the cumulative knowledge and information of mankind.

Religion

Americans are much more “religious” than “Europeans”. We mostly believe in God and spirituality and Christianity. We have seen that shared cultural/religious beliefs can be maintained in a religiously pluralistic society. We believe in objective “right and wrong”. We intuitively accept “the golden rule”. We see “America” as part of God’s plan and history. A place for the pilgrims. A land of religious diversity. The overturning of slavery. American victories in the 2 world wars and the cold war. The moral dimension of life matters.

Economy

We still live in the world that Adam Smith described in 1776. The degree of specialization is only limited by the extent of the market. Our world is extremely specialized. A bewildering variety of products are available. Outsourcing of many functions. Regional, national and international sourcing.

We all specialize in our most productive functions today. Profession, sub-profession and industry. We all have talents. There are most highly rewarded in their professional roles.

We are producers and consumers, investors and suppliers, professionals and managers, entrepreneurs and directors. We are deeply engaged in the financial system, markets for labor, money, trade, property, goods and services. We sometimes elevate this role to be “everything”, to our detriment.

We are interdependent. We rely upon “essential workers”, universities, governments, builders, contractors, consultants, bankers, utilities, media, lobbyists, politicians, unions, secondary markets, employment firms, lawyers, engineers, IT and communications folks, etc.

We rely upon the US macroeconomy. Budget deficits. Fiscal policy. The Federal Reserve Bank. Monetary policy. Federal banking and industry regulators. The bond markets. The credit rating agencies. Animal spirits. Wall Street. Mutual funds. Municipal bonds. Mortgage bonds.

We rely upon our commitment to the capitalist, free market, free enterprise system. Laissez faire. Limited government regulation. There are specific situations and metrics that warrant government intervention, but we lean towards allowing the natural incentives of the market to police the behavior of great firms.

We believe that economic growth provides the opportunity for the political system to effectively “redistribute income”, ensuring that the economic value added by scientific and business innovation through time does not all accrue to the owners.

Globe

The benefits from international trade are well understood and have been demonstrated for 75 years.

There are opportunities to engage all nations to manage diseases, food supplies, hunger, human rights, refugees, public health, travel, immigrants, trade, communications, and ocean resources.

There are global threats that must be managed: climate change, nuclear war, chemical and biological weapons, computer hacking, artificial intelligence, species loss, food production, energy production.

Philosophy

An objective physical reality exists. An objective moral reality exists.

The individual really, really matters. Human rights.

The scientific method applied to technical issues is great. It is not everything.

Instrumental logic is a tremendous asset for science, business and life.

Pragmatism is always worth considering. “Show me the money”. Does this theory produce measurable results?

We reject anarchy, atheism, pure commercialism, communism, fascism, necessary progress, libertarianism, national socialism, racism, sexism, totalitarianism, utopian socialism, white nationalism, Christian nationalism. In essence, we reject extreme views. We’re comfortable with a “checks and balances” political system that slows changes until they’re embraced by a solid majority.

Politics

The US is a world of skeptical politics. Less is more. Trust no one. Engage the local community to find a solution. Accept the individual bias in economic and social laws. America is a special place, worthy of patriotic respect.

Political participation is a sacred duty.

Despite the structural constraints on change, the US has generally been a positive, constructive, progressive supporter of political changes through time.

Americans are willing to sacrifice for the good of the nation.

The US constitution is framed by the rationalist enlightenment. We deeply believe in “the rule of law”.

Differences can be resolved, technically, rationally, politically.

We are comfortable with “suboptimal” results from our political system. We accept that the federal, bicameral, functionally divided system is designed to prevent the “worst case” outcomes of raw democracy or concentrated power.

In general, we strongly support our government institutions, especially at the state and local levels. Judges do their jobs. Political parties hold each other accountable. Citizens participate in the democratic process as voters, poll workers, jurors, donors, and volunteers.

Summary

We live as individuals in a complex, interdependent world. We have more opportunities but less authoritative guidance for our lives. We worry about our freedom and liberty. We make many choices. We do the best that we can. We agree on many things yet disagree on many others.

Today, we understand the world better than ever. We also understand ourselves better, our strengths and weaknesses, our possibilities and limits. We manage complex technology and institutions very effectively. We know that some political and economic options don’t work or pose unacceptable risks or threats. The U.S. and Europe developed “limited government” systems apart from religious authority because disagreements were inevitable. We need to relearn those lessons today. We’re going to have a “mixed” capitalist/government economic system. We’re not going to empower any religious denomination or secular group to impose its views on society. We can delegate issues to the states and learn from their experiences. We can compromise. We can “agree to disagree”. Ideally, we can accept that there are some intractable political differences in our society and focus on those areas where we can find agreement.

The Janesville Plan: Economic Opportunity for All

tomkapostasy6 Comments

https://www.amazon.com/Janesville-American-Story-Amy-Goldstein/dp/1501102265

This 2017 bestseller was applauded by the WSJ, The Economist, Harvard sociologist Robert Putnam, JD Vance (as a complement to Hillbilly Elegy) and Barrack Obama. It tells the story of Janesville, Wisconsin as a General Motors assembly plant with 3,000 workers was permanently closed in the turmoil of the Great Recession. It focuses on the impact on real people and the community’s response. The author concludes that neither the liberal response of job training nor the conservative response of economic redevelopment incentives was adequate to meet the community’s needs. What could work?

The Core Issue

The US economic and legal system protects the property rights of investors, corporations, and banks. It doesn’t protect or promote the property rights of the other actors in society quite so well: workers, suppliers, local governments, charities, retirees, and children. It is the fundamental discrepancy between different groups that is highlighted in this book, catalyzing the last 15 year’s populist reaction against our system, and begging for a practical solution.

The Core Challenge

Financial interests are flexible. They can be bought, sold and mortgaged. They are geographically mobile. Money and financial instruments are fungible. They can be exchanged with zero to small loss of value.

Other interests are much less flexible and mobile. Labor assets are tied to an individual. Individual labor assets may be tied to a specific situation OR broadly applicable. Real property is tied to a local and regional location. Local governments and charities are tied to a geography. Families are emotionally tied to a location.

The historical political conflict was between the wealthy and the non-wealthy. Landed aristocracy and peasants. Capitalists and workers.

Wealth still matters. The advantages of financial wealth have multiplied in the modern world. Financial rates of return are higher. International opportunities exist. Financial markets are effective and efficient. Risk can be managed through portfolios and derivatives. The shear amount of wealth, and wealth per person, is large enough to be scientifically managed. Generational wealth is preserved. Wealthy interests have effectively “captured” the political system to ensure they are not over-taxed or over-regulated. Network effects from neighborhoods and elite colleges accumulate. The network effects from large metropolitan areas accumulate.

As the advantages of financial wealth have compounded in our society, the distribution of income and wealth has become more and more unequal. For the good of our whole society, it’s time to take some steps to “level the playing field”. This is not strictly about protecting the poor or “fairly” taxing the rich. It is about providing “roughly” equal protection to the various property interests in our society.

The Pinches

In a meritocratic, capitalist society, there will be an unequal distribution of income and wealth. It is difficult to find an obvious “rule of thumb” to limit this dispersion. The higher income and wealth individuals are sure that they have “earned” their returns. Many libertarians and conservatives believe that the “job creators” and “value creators” in society are under rewarded, even before progressive taxation claims a greater share. Most working, middle and professional class earners are sure that they are underpaid compared to their value-added and that the tax system is designed to benefit “others”. Many vote for the conservative political party because they accept this as unavoidable, see disincentives and unintended consequences from attempts to change this, or aspire to become one of the winners. Economists and psychologists report that individuals are much more motivated by economic losses, taxes, risks or takeaways than gains. Hence, any kind of straightforward income or wealth redistribution system is difficult to achieve or maintain. The incentives to pull towards one end or the other are very strong. The philosopher John Rawls’ argument that everyone can, should, will agree to a set of reasonable policies pointing towards limiting income and wealth inequality has been applauded by the left, criticized by the right and ignored by most everyone. We need to find a different framework aside from the “tug of war”.

A dynamic capitalist economic system will include Schumpeterian “creative destruction”. There is enough new wealth to be made and captured that competitors will disrupt and compete with existing leaders in all markets. Firms will grow and die. New firms will be founded. Some will succeed. The real and financial capital within some firms at some times will be destroyed. For some firms this will be part of the portfolio of growing, stable and dying components. For some firms, this will be death. Capitalists will focus on the core goals of value creation, value capture and value preservation. They will do whatever is required to meet these goals. As Milton Friedman argued, at the extreme times they will not look out for the interests of other stakeholders. In good times, perhaps, a little. Based on social pressures, in good times, perhaps, a little. We need to clearly separate “what is” from “what should be”.

Financial investors do not have geographical responsibilities. They have financial responsibilities to owners and lenders. They have secondary interests in maintaining positive relations with suppliers, customers, key employees, key executives and regulators. Large organizations will close low performing assets as required, be they small stores or 3,000 employee factories. New and existing businesses locate plants, offices and distribution centers based on expected costs and benefits, risks and rewards. They are also guided by the convenience and views of their senior executives who generally prefer to live in cosmopolitan surroundings. Firms will decentralize and decentralize to meet various needs. For most firms, local economic incentives are a very minor factor.

Employees, suppliers, governments and charities are fundamentally local. They live real lives with a small number of interactions. They stay in place and appreciate the familiarity of their home, church, school and community. They might move when they finish college or before they have children in school or to meet an extreme need. The move from the east coast to the Midwest to the west took centuries. The move from the farms to the cities has continued for more than a century. The consolidation of the population into less than 100 metro areas has accelerated in the last 75 years. The move from the Midwest, northeast and Middle-Atlantic states to the sunbelt has continued for 75 years. Individuals move based on circumstances and incentives. A fair society provides support for individuals who do not wish to move because economic situations have changed.

The Solution: Protected Assets for All

Individuals who honestly review the growth of incomes, wealth and standards of living in the US for the last 75 years must celebrate the amazing 6-fold increase in real per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Labor productivity and overall productivity have improved similarly. Median incomes rose with GDP and productivity until 1975, stalled for 25 years and have since slowly resumed their climb. Quality of life, including health, economic choices, economic security, leisure, safety, product quality, entertainment, and product choices has continued to improve, even when income growth lagged behind output growth. The US economic system produces great wealth and benefits. There is an inherent tendency for the owners of financial wealth to capture an increasing share. We need to find a balanced solution, not undermine the economic system through misguided taxation or regulation.

Health Assets

The US is an outlier in the developed world in not managing health care as a public good. Liberals see health care as a human right. A majority of Americans disagree. We will not soon adopt “socialized health care”. We can work together to adopt policies that reduce the total cost of health care, and which prevent health care costs from bankrupting our fellow citizens.

  1. Provide catastrophic health care coverage for all, covering single event expenses exceeding $25,000.
  2. Provide payroll contribution funded ($200,000 max) annual income catastrophic family medical insurance (>$100,000/year) to all citizens. (alternative to $25K government provided fund)
  3. Invest in nominal co-pay front-line mental health screening, intervention, listening, training, group sessions and counseling services for less critical conditions. 
  4. Allow any group of 10 states to create a “medicare for all” health care program as a substitute for the Affordable Care Act.
  5. Allow any group of 10 states to create a private insurance-based (qualify in 2 states, qualifies for all states to ensure competition) health care program as a substitute for the Affordable Care Act.
  6. Pay-off all student loan debt for professional degree medical professionals serving 5 years in non-metropolitan county or metropolitan county with less than 300,000 population.
  7. Require states to provide tuition free medical care and residency spots for one doctor per 10,000 citizens each year.
  8. Reduce medical school preparation requirement to 3 years.
  9. Offer reciprocal medical licensing arrangements with 30 leading countries and expedited review and specific qualifications training and experience requirement defined for all others within 90 days of application.

Family Assets

  1. Provide an annual $10,000 childcare funding source for up to 4 children aged 0-6.
  2. Provide home childcare volunteer refundable tax credit up to $100 per week.
  3. Offer a supplemental 5% Earned Income Tax Credit for two-income families with combined family income below $60,000, phased out to zero at $90,000.
  4. Exclude the first $100K of owned homestead property from taxation and prohibit property taxes on first $250,000 for those aged 70 or above.

Community Assets

We live in a society that prefers to support communities locally and not rely upon government support. We can fine-tune our laws to encourage local support.

  1. Provide a $15/hour volunteer hour tax credit for up to 200 hours annually, including service with religious organizations.
  2. Remove the limits on charitable donation tax deductions for gifts made to public charities and local governments (not private foundations).
  3. Allow large employers to setup new employees with default 1% contribution to local United Way/Community Chest umbrella funding services.
  4. Determine paternity for all births, set and enforce child support agreements, provide basic level support from the state as required.
  5. Subsidize high-speed internet for rural counties.
  6. Offer 10 year T-bill interest rate financing for qualified “low cost” retailers to build stores more than 15 miles away from any existing qualified store.
  7. Levy a $500 per employee annual “closing costs” fee on large employers (250+) for a maximum 20 years to fund local redevelopment programs starting with $5,000 per discontinued employee.
  8. Levy a 0.5% of annual rentals fee on landlords to fund local redevelopment of abandoned properties and areas.
  9. Limit state and local economic development incentives to no more than $10 million per project or location.
  10. Offer a 50% federal tax credit for first $10,000 of cross-state moving expenses.
  11. Offer workers up to $5,000 for relocation or temporary housing as an alternative to up to 2 years of unemployment benefits. (alternative to tax credit for moving expenses)
  12. Restrict issuance of new building permits in counties that do not have one-third of affordable housing permits proposed for units below the existing median unit property value.
  13. Greatly expand availability of 1-2 year National Service programs for young adults and senior citizens.
  14. Invest in prison to work transition programs.
  15. Increase the minimum foundation endowment spending from 5% to 6% to provide more current social benefits and limit the accumulation of assets by universities and other not for profits with $100 million plus of invested assets. Provide an option to pay a 0.5% of assets annual fee to keep 5% or a 1% fee to only spend 4%.

Financial Assets

In our modern world we have to ensure that all individuals are financially prepared for 30 years of retirement. Early and constant savings. Wise investments. Good advisors. For everyone.

  1. Provide a 50% federal 401(k) match on the first $5,000 of savings. Offer a federally backed guaranteed return fund for 401(k) accounts with an after-inflation return of 3%.
  2. Make social security employee tax payments optional after age 62.
  3. Remove social security payment offsets from earned income after age 65.
  4. Auction to private firms the right to offer standard 401(k) financial advisory services for 0.5% of asset value with 100% federal match below $50,000 and 50% federal match below $100,000.
  5. Create voluntary 5% of income home down payment savings program that accumulates to $50,000 after 10 years of full-time employment contributions.

Financial Security

Lifetime employment is gone. Fixed benefits pensions are gone. We live 20 years longer. We need a more robust unemployment insurance system. Individuals may secure a position that pays 25% – 33% – 50% more than their “second best” alternatives. When individuals lose their jobs, we need to buffer their losses and nudge them towards their “next best” options in a timely manner.

  1. Reform unemployment insurance to provide 75% of historical income for 6 months and 50% of income for 12 months. Limit coverage to $60,000 of base income.
  2. Provide a 50% “bridging subsidy” for individuals whose income has dropped by more than 25% for up to 3 years. This would handle the effects of international trade and firm bankruptcies.
  3. Overhaul the “welfare system” to combine various programs into a single program combining a universal basic income (UBI) and the earned income tax credit (EITC).
  4. Create a self-funded unemployment lump-sum payment system based on prior 5 years earnings. 4 months award available after 10 years. 6 months after 15 years. 8 months after 20 years. (Alternative to higher benefits and bridging option)
  5. Maintain a present value of future social security benefits asset balance for each participant. After age 35, allow once per decade 10-year term loan at 10-year T-bill plus 2% for up to 20% of balance, maximum of $50,000 loan balance. Repayment through social security system earnings.
  6. Set a $15/hour adult minimum wage, indexed to 70% of the median income.

Consumer Assets

In the modern world, consumers face sophisticated marketers and professional services firms. They can benefit from centralized support.

  1. Set all import tariffs at zero percent, eliminating the effective tax on purchases.
  2. Eliminate all specific import tariffs but levy a 3% tariff on all goods to “protect” domestic producers and help fund government programs. (alternative to 0%)
  3. Set maximum prices per service and per hour for home and auto repair firms.
  4. States contract for metro and area multiple listing services and limit total real estate commissions to 4% of transaction value.
  5. Require financial advisors to meet the fiduciary standard of professional care, putting the client’s interests first.
  6. Certify public advisors to provide general advice on consumer economics, budgeting, banking, investing, real estate, insurance and health insurance for $100/hour to citizens, with a $50/hour, 8-hour maximum annual refundable tax credit.
  7. Staff state professional licensing boards with a minority of regulated active professionals. Reduce licensing requirements to meet public safety standards.
  8. Set a national cap on individual and class-action lawsuits at $2 million per person, adjusted for inflation.
  9. Auction regional licenses for private firms or states to offer low annual milage limit used car leases to low to medium credit score individuals using federal funding for the inventory.

Education/Human Capital Assets

It looks like our economic system is going to require one-thirds college educated and two-thirds less than college degreed adults. Economically and socially, we need to support all individuals to serve in their roles and for all of us to support the various roles. Think “essential workers” during the pandemic.

  1. Offer $10,000 for 2 years for high school graduates for their education and training, including “career and technical” training.
  2. Create German-style public-private partnerships for broad range of vocational training opportunities.
  3. Offer career and technical training grants for up to 2 years equal to state subsidy of college education.
  4. Provide alternate sets of courses and experience to meet minimum requirements for standard level high school diploma, rather than requiring gateway courses like Algebra II.
  5. Offer an all-industries state administered “career skills” certification program that can be earned in 3 years of employment and classes, including some classes for academic credit in high school.
  6. Require governments and large employers to justify any strict “BA needed” job requirements versus “education and experience” options.
  7. Tax university tuition income above $15,000 at 25% rate to fund public colleges.
  8. Expand veterans hiring preferences to state and local governments, government suppliers and large employers.
  9. Increase the minimum foundation endowment spending from 5% to 6% to provide more current social benefits and limit the accumulation of assets by universities and other not for profits with $100 million plus of invested assets. Provide an option to pay a 0.5% of assets annual fee to keep 5% or a 1% fee to only spend 4%.

Government Services Assets

The corporate world reduces costs and improves valued results by 1-2% year after year after year. We need to set the same expectations for local, state and federal governments.

  1. Sunset laws requiring reapproval of substantive changes after the first 10 years.
  2. Bipartisan staff recommended simplification and clean-up laws, one functional area per year, package approval, no amendments.
  3. Independent staff recommendation of lowest 10% benefit/cost ratios for regulations by agency every 10 years, package approval, no amendments.
  4. Implement balanced budget across the business cycle law that considers unemployment rate and debt to GDP levels.
  5. Require offsetting spending cuts or funding sources for new spending programs.
  6. Require federal programs to have a minimum 20-year payback from investments.
  7. Migrate to minimum 80% federal funding of all federal programs assigned to states.
  8. Outsource the USPS by region, maintaining 3 day per week delivery minimums.

Tax Fairness

  1. Set a separate 10% income tax rate on hourly earned overtime income, excluding it from regular “adjusted gross income”.
  2. Limit corporate type taxation to 10% for revenues below $1 million and 20% for revenues below $5 million.
  3. Limit combined state and local sales taxes to 5% of purchase values.
  4. Revise the “independent contractors” social security law to require the 12.4% self-employed contribution to be identified and deposited for all income.
  5. Eliminate the “carried interest” loophole benefit for investors.
  6. Limit the reduction of “capital gains” taxes versus labor income to a maximum of 20%. Increase the minimum period for long-term capital gains to 3 years. Provide a 50% of annual inflation above 4% credit in the detailed calculation.
  7. Require income earners to pay social security taxes on $1 million annually.
  8. Eliminate the mortgage interest deduction on second homes.
  9. Increase the IRS audit budget by 50%.
  10. Levy a 20% tax on inherited assets above $5 million, allowing a 10-year tax payment plan.

Funding Sources for “Everyone Has Assets”

  1. Levy an annual 0.25% of assets tax on banks and financial institutions.
  2. Levy a 0.25% financial transactions tax on stock and bond investors and traders.
  3. Set a 10% “luxury tax” on all transportation asset transactions worth $1 million or more.
  4. Set a 0.25% annual federal “luxury” real estate tax on all residences worth more than $2 million.
  5. Levy a 0.25% of deal value fee on all “mergers and acquisitions” transactions of $100 million or more.
  6. Levy a 0.25% excess profits tax on earnings above a 5% real, inflation adjusted return on assets (ROA) for firms with revenues of $100 million or more.
  7. Reduce the depletion allowance base on mineral assets by 10% of the acquisition cost.
  8. Starting with the 35% tax bracket ($462,501 married filing jointly), reduce allowable itemized tax deductions to 0 at $2 million of income.
  9. Add a 40% tax bracket at $2 million of income.
  10. Levy a 5% of excess price paid on personal vehicles sold for more than $50,000, boats for more than $100,000 and recreational vehicles for more than $100,000. (alternative to 10% above $1M)
  11. Add a 10% surcharge to property tax rates for residential properties larger than 5,000 square feet. (alternative to surtax above $2 million)

Setting Firm Limits on Taxes

I have separately proposed a set of constitutional amendments that limit taxation of the wealthy, allowing them to support steps like those above without fear of being fleeced.

The Paradox of Great Wealth in a Democracy

Summary

Our society hasn’t found a clear organizing principle to guide it between the claims of the people and its leaders. We tend to lean towards the individual, liberty and freedom. This has led to a large number of modest initiatives. We have an opportunity to help our community embrace and support the political steps required to achieve our goals.

Dedications/Provocations

https://www.washingtonpost.com/people/amy-goldstein/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Ryan

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama

Bernie Staller – National FFA leader (my supervisor from 2000-2004) Janesville leader.

https://www.agrimarketing.com/show_story.php?id=25007

https://www.nationalbeefwire.com/bernie-staller-tim-heiller-inducted-into-alpha-gamma-rho-s-hall-of-fame

https://wisconsinagconnection.com/news/staller-inducted-into-alpha-gamma-rho-hall-of-fame

https://www.agrimarketing.com/show_story.php?id=25005

https://www.newswise.com/articles/bernie-staller-to-retire-from-the-national-ffa-organization

The Painesville Plan (t) !!!

https://case.edu/ech/articles/d/diamond-shamrock-corp

https://cumulis.epa.gov/supercpad/cursites/csitinfo.cfm?id=0504696

On a personal note, I grew up in Fairport Harbor, Ohio, a small village of 3-4,000 people. The Diamond Alkali chemical plant once employed 5,000 people. It shut down in 1976. My dad was a pipefitter and union leader. My uncle Joe was also an employee and a union and political leader. The negative community impact was very large. The negative impacts described by Amy Goldstein in Janesville were exactly the same in Painesville 40 years earlier.